╭──────────────────────────────────────────╮ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────╮ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ctx_read >>>>>>>>>>>> │ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ctx_read >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌─────────────┐ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> compress >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> compress >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌──────────┐ │ 100K tokens │ =========>│ >>> AST >>> cache >>> signal >>> │ =========> │ ~5K tok │ │ 100K tokens │ =========>│ >>> AST >>> cache >>> signal >>> │ =========> │ ~5K tok │ └─────────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> filter >>>>>>>>>>>> │ └──────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> filter >>>>>>>>>>>> │ └──────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> dedupe >>>>>>>>>>>> │ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> dedupe >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ╔══════════════╗ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╔══════════╗ ╔══════════════╗ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╔══════════╗ ║ raw input ║ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ LeanCTX ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ║ output ║ ║ raw input ║ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ LeanCTX ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ║ output ║ ╚══════════════╝ ╚══════════╝ ╚══════════════╝ ╚══════════╝ ┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄ ┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ ───> │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ ───> │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ ───> │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ ───> │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ file file file file read cache send tok tok tok tok tok tok file file file file read cache send tok tok tok tok tok tok ╭──────────────────────────────────────────╮ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────╮ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ctx_read >>>>>>>>>>>> │ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ctx_read >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌─────────────┐ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> compress >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> compress >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ┌──────────┐ │ 100K tokens │ =========>│ >>> AST >>> cache >>> signal >>> │ =========> │ ~5K tok │ │ 100K tokens │ =========>│ >>> AST >>> cache >>> signal >>> │ =========> │ ~5K tok │ └─────────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> filter >>>>>>>>>>>> │ └──────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> filter >>>>>>>>>>>> │ └──────────┘ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> dedupe >>>>>>>>>>>> │ │ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> dedupe >>>>>>>>>>>> │ ╔══════════════╗ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╔══════════╗ ╔══════════════╗ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╔══════════╗ ║ raw input ║ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ LeanCTX ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ║ output ║ ║ raw input ║ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ LeanCTX ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ║ output ║ ╚══════════════╝ ╚══════════╝ ╚══════════════╝ ╚══════════╝ ┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄ ┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ ───> │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ ───> │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ ───> │▓▓│ │▓▓│ │▓▓│ ───> │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ │░░│ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ file file file file read cache send tok tok tok tok tok tok file file file file read cache send tok tok tok tok tok tok

Concept

What is
context engineering?

It's the shift from prompt engineering to context operations, the discipline of designing, compressing, and governing the full information environment your AI agent works in. LeanCTX is that discipline, automated.

The Problem

Prompts alone aren't enough

Prompt engineering optimized the input. Context engineering optimizes the environment.

When AI agents were limited to single-turn interactions, prompt engineering was sufficient. You crafted the right instruction, the model returned a useful response, and the workflow ended.

Modern AI coding agents operate differently. They run multi-step workflows across dozens of files, maintain state across sessions, and make decisions that compound over time. The prompt is no longer the bottleneck, the context is.

A coding agent with a perfect prompt but poor context will hallucinate file paths, lose track of prior decisions, and repeat work it already completed. The failure mode isn't bad instructions, it's an incomplete picture of the codebase.

The Framework

Three shifts from prompt to context engineering

Context engineering represents a fundamental change in how we think about AI agent inputs.

Static prompts → Dynamic context pipelines

Instead of a fixed system prompt, context engineering builds a pipeline that assembles the right context for each task, reading only what's relevant, at the right compression level, with the right metadata.

Manual curation → Automated compression

Rather than hand-picking which files to include, context engineering reads each file's structure, keeps the parts that carry real signal, and compresses the rest, automatically.

Single-shot → Persistent memory across sessions

Context engineering adds session memory, a knowledge graph, and clean handoffs, so agents build up understanding over time instead of starting from scratch every conversation.

The Discipline

What context engineering includes

Context engineering spans four interconnected domains, each addressing a different aspect of the agent's information environment.

Compression

Fit more signal into fewer tokens

Multiple read modes (full, map, signatures, entropy, aggressive), tree-sitter AST parsing across 18+ languages, and semantic chunking reduce file content by 60–99% while preserving the information agents need to make decisions.

Memory

Persist understanding across sessions

Session snapshots, knowledge graphs, handoff ledgers, and prospective memory allow agents to recall prior decisions, avoid repeated work, and transfer context between team members or agent instances.

Governance

Control what agents can access

Role-based access policies, token budgets, SLO enforcement, and path sandboxing ensure agents operate within defined boundaries, reading only what they should, spending only what's allocated.

Verification

Prove compression didn't lose information

Output validation, proof artifacts, path and identifier preservation checks, and information-loss scoring give measurable confidence that compressed context retains the semantic content the agent requires.

Implementation

How LeanCTX implements context engineering

LeanCTX is an open-source context engineering runtime that brings these principles into production for AI coding agents.

76 MCP tools

A full tool surface for reading, searching, compressing, and managing context, all exposed via the Model Context Protocol.

10 read modes

From full cached reads to entropy-filtered compression, each mode is optimized for a specific task: editing, exploring, reviewing, or referencing.

95+ shell patterns

Pattern-based compression for git, cargo, npm, docker, and other CLI output, reducing verbose command results to structured, token-efficient summaries.

Zero network calls

Runs entirely local. No telemetry, no cloud dependencies, no data leaving your machine. Open-source under Apache-2.0.

Explore the full architecture